Cleaning according to the National Standards of Healthcare Cleanliness involves a combination of ‘fluid’ (typically detergent and water) and ‘friction’ to mechanically remove organic matter like dirt, debris, blood and bodily fluids. The goal is to eliminate micro-organisms rather than merely killing them. In ‘low risk’ areas like foyers and offices, visible cleanliness may suffice. However, healthcare environments often require disinfection as well. Cleaning is a prerequisite for effective disinfection, as organic matter can deactivate certain disinfectants.